Water transport
number of factors, including assistance from the traditionally strong family
Thua
Cochinchina had been annexed by France in 1862 and even elected a deputy to the French National Assembly. Output of Selected Agricultural Products 13
By 2025, Vietnams digital economy could expand to US$52 billion. South Vietnam's financial system is still relatively small and
During its existence, South Vietnam had diplomatic relations with Australia, Brazil, Cambodia (until 1963 and then from 1970), Canada, the Republic of China, France, Indonesia (until 1964), Iran, Japan, Laos, New Zealand, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Vatican and West Germany. 9. 301
[30] Created out from ex-French Union Army colonial Indochinese auxiliary units (French: Suppltifs), gathered earlier in July 1951 into the French-led Vietnamese National Army VNA (Vietnamese: Qun i Quc Gia Vit Nam QQGVN), Arme Nationale Vietnaminne (ANV) in French, the armed forces of the new state consisted in the mid-1950s of ground, air, and naval branches of service, respectively: Their roles were defined as follows: to protect the sovereignty of the free Vietnamese nation and that of the Republic; to maintain the political and social order and the rule of law by providing internal security; to defend the newly independent Republic of Vietnam from external (and internal) threats; and ultimately, to help reunify Vietnam. 6. 24. Tuy ,
increases ranging from 30% to 55% during 1965-70, consumer prices rose
Prepared by Edward C. Keefer, John M. Carland, and Bradley L. Coleman. 6
North Vietnamese leaders had expected that the ceasefire terms would favour their side, but as Saigon began to roll back the Vit Cng, they found it necessary to adopt a new strategy, hammered out at a series of meetings in Hanoi in March 1973, according to the memoirs of Trn Vn Tr. 27. Road
Sample surveys
US government agencies represented in South Vietnam. This document contains information affecting the national
[15]:239 On 26 October 1955, Dim declared himself the president of the newly proclaimed Republic of Vietnam. 4,0
The economy ranks sixth in Southeast Asia, The country is highly industrialised and globally integrated, with Vietnams total trade-to-GDP ratio sitting at 186 per cent in 2021 much higher than the global average of 57 per cent. [43] Other religions included Caodaism and Hoahaoism. During this period, reports of death from starvation became commonplace in rural areas. Route 1 along the coast. Coastal shipping expanded
Khnh sought to capitalize on the crisis with the Vng Tu Charter, a new constitution that would have curtailed civil liberties and concentrated his power, but was forced to back down in the face of widespread protests and strikes. Pnpcr and
Thiu was reelected unopposed in the Presidential election on 2 October 1971. However, about one-fifth of the people who lived in Southern Vietnam (from Quang Tri Province to the South) lived in areas that were controlled by Viet Cong. defense of the United States, within the meaning of Title
half of these still are in government camps waiting to be returned to their
by imports. ~inng
During 1969-71, there was substantial recovery and growth in both
32. CONFIDI;I'~1TIAL
32
Thieu quickly consolidated power much to the dismay of those who hoped for an era of more political openness. Vietnam is a densely-populated developing country that has been transitioning from the rigidities of a centrally-planned economy since 1986. "[20] The report, later excerpted in The Pentagon Papers, continued: The Dim government lost support among the populace, and from the Kennedy administration, due to its repression of Buddhists and military defeats by the Vit Cng. WebAbstract This chapter and the next attempt to answer two questions: firstly, what were the major factors conditioning the development of the Southern Vietnamese economy between 1955 and 1975; secondly, what are the legacies of this development bequeathed to the new socialist regime, particularly those relevant to the question of unification? past year or so the government has begun to cope with some of these issues
Moreover, most of South Vietnam's productive facilities came
The real
Confucianism as an ethical philosophy was a major influence on South Vietnam.[44][45]. Cigarettes
South Vietnam had one major port, Saigon, with a rated capacity of 8,400
. The official name of the South Vietnamese state was the "Republic of Vietnam" (Vietnamese: Vit Nam Cng ha; French: Rpublique du Vit Nam). In January 1957, the ICC agreed with this perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement. Thieu ruled until the final days of the war, resigning on 21 April 1975. Bank of Vietnam (the central bank), several commercial banks (the largest of
Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. reserves, but test drilling has been delayed
The country's nominal GDP per capita in the same year was $23,662, on par with Bahrain, Taiwan, and the Bahamas. 1972
Currently, it is a mix between this state-planned economy and a market economy, which is controlled by supply and demand. WebSearch Query for FOIA ERR: -A A + AA A + A. The labor force is made up of 54.61 million people. "A Foreign Policy of Independence and Peace". In
more than 60% of the labor force. The South Vietnamese unsuccessfully attempted a defence and counterattack but had few reserve forces, as well as a shortage of spare parts and ammunition. The strategy was gradual are over 140 weekly ciomcstic flights of DC-3s and DC-4s, ranging from two
rate of growth of tnoncy supply, reduced speculative consumer purchases,
[6] It is a variation of "Nam Vit" ( , Southern Vit), a name used in ancient times. 9. Some Cham joined the communist NFL, some others joined the Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa. The major
21
CONFIDENTIAL
industr?ics proccssi~~e imported raw materials and some local agricultural
Thousond Motrlc Tona
Approved For Release 200~1~~I~~'~'~T00875R001500200009-1
the road network is an important asset for future economic development,
Editorial credit: Banana Republic images / Shutterstock.com Singapore is the regions richest country, with a GDP per capita of $65,233, with major industries including electronics, petrochemical, and petroleum. Administrative Divisions and Military Regions
due in large part to various economic reforms, including the adoption of
[35], Following the 1963 United States-backed coup d'tat that outsted Ng the Central Government's Representatives in the Trung phn region were gradually replaced by the control of the Tactical zone's Commanders (T lnh Vng Chin thut), which replaced a civil administration with a military one. [8] The term "South Vietnam" became common usage in 1954, when the Geneva Conference provisionally partitioned Vietnam into communist and non-communist parts. WebUS economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire most important roads are Routes 1 and 4, which link Saigon with the
[26]:273. expansion of facilities in the northern ports for ocean-going vessels, however,
grown at a respectable rate since 1964. changes in government stock levels, which, for example, reached a record high level in 1968. Government Finance
148,7
14,800 tons and Da Nang's to 12,250 tons, and new facilities had been built
Labor
The largest movements of people in South Vietnam leave involved
South Vietnam ranks above other countries of Indochina but significantly
during 1965-67, but some of this land hay since been brought back into
[39], Starting from 1955, the South Vietnamese government of Ng nh Dim carried out an assimilation policy towards indigenous peoples (Montagnard) of the Central Highlands and the Cham people, including banning the Cham language in public schools, seizing indigenous lands and granting them to mostly Catholic Northern Kinh people who had moved to South Vietnam during Operation Passage to Freedom. However, some traditional market
Dim's removal and assassination set off a period of political instability and declining legitimacy of the Saigon government. Darlac Province
10. US and South Vietnamese forces launched a series of attacks on PAVN/VC bases in Cambodia in AprilJuly 1970. The government
prejudice against the ethnic Chinese community, the largest and most
than 400,000 persons, Da Nang is the second largest city, and there are
Most of the country north of Saigon produces less rice than it consumes and
234
e Vegetable crops
Phuoc
38
declined, and the rapid gains since then have not been sufficient to meet
The state- owned sector includes most large industrial enterprises, state farms, lumber WARNING
An
WebLike that of China, North Vietnam's economy is structurally complex. Table 3 presents output from the most important branches of industry in
Income from other family members
118
Most of the remainder is concentrated along the narrow
since 19G5, reflecting the radically increased domestic costs of goods and
Government Finance 16
Despite the end of French colonial rule, the French language maintained a strong presence in South Vietnam where it was used in administration, education (especially at the secondary and higher levels), trade and diplomacy. 8
1. llue:
failed to keep pace with rising prices. Other significant industries in Vietnam include: fishing, timber, mining, banking, and finance. Military personnel and
In their World Economic Report released this month, the IMF claims that Vietnam will be one of the few nations in the world and the only in ASEAN to experience higher growth in 2022 than in 2021. By 1972, Saigon's daily capacity lead climbed to
ca
58.0
In addition, the government has recently signed the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement in order to take part in trade liberalization among Pacific countries. Hemera Media, Bn quyn thuc v VnEconomy, Tp ch in t ca Hi Khoa hc Kinh t Vit Nam. In June 1946, France declared Cochinchina a republic, separate from the northern and central parts. ER H 73-1
Dim was credited with 98 percent of the votes. 25. The South China Sea is once again becoming a hotspot of regional as well as international conflicts after a short hiatus that may have an adverse impact for Indias burgeoning trade through the region. Labor Force, 1972 7
[16] In May 1959, Group 559 was established to maintain and upgrade the Ho Chi Minh Trail, at this time a six-month mountain trek through Laos. Government and Revolution in Vietnam. Fighting peaked up to that point during the Tet Offensive of February 1968, when there were over a million South Vietnamese soldiers and 500,000 US soldiers in South Vietnam. rice and distributes it and frequently purchases domestic rice in the Mekong
7
A gas pipeline would be built from North Vietnam to the Vit Cng provisional capital in Lc Ninh, about 60mi (97km) north of Saigon. Morale was low in South Vietnam as the PAVN advanced. The escalation of the
Total Anierican aid to South Vietnam budgeted for fiscal year 1974 is $1.58billion. Unsurprisingly, Vietnam perceived Chinese investments in Laos as a threat for they undercut Hanois economic position in the country. Date Impossible fo Doformine
In large part, this has been the result
120.4
half of the country give it an excellent natural base: for expansion of coastal
28. More [7] In 1945, the nation's official name was changed back to "Vietnam". improved by recent reforms. At that time, the traditional culture began to acquire an overlay of Western characteristics. Following the surrender of Saigon to North Vietnamese forces on 30 April 1975, the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam officially became the government of South Vietnam, which merged with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam to create the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 2 July 1976.[25]. 11.7
A plan to improve logistics was prepared so that the PAVN would be able to launch a massive invasion of the South, projected for 1976. realistic-and fairly flexible-exchange rates and higher interest rates and the
Vietnam economy is expected to grow by 2.7% in 2020, according to IMF 2. during 191 ~-30. WebEconomic forecasts for Viet Nam Share on Twitter Viet Nam's GDP is expected to grow by 6.5% in 2022 and 6.7% in 2023 ADO 2022 Update Viet Nam's inflation rates forecasted at large firms arc owned by the. Probably about three-fourths of the population
. Although
For the modern country, see, Administrative territory of the Republic of Vietnam in Southeast Asia according to the, Hammer, Ellen J. In the
estimated at about 3 million for tlt~ entire metropolitan area. taxation. account for about 70'%~ of manufacturing output, and a handful of firms
declassification schodulo of E.O, 11652
Although constructiun of new systems is under
Electrical production increased fourteen-fold between 1954 and 1973 while industrial output increase by an average of 6.9 percent annually. Inflation accelerated in December to 4.5% (November 4.4%) as higher price pressures for housing, energy and education more than offset falling transport prices. The difficulties for both Vietnams economy and the global economy are expected to linger in the first half of the year, but the second half should be much brighter, analysts told the Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam seminar held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) and Standard Chartered and Vegetation
civil servants, who once were the top salary earners, have fallen well behind
Land and Resource Base . Binh
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General Dng Vn Minh became president, but he was ousted in January 1964 by General Nguyn Khnh. uncertainty resulting from the offensive. 35. 1,055
R
Between Tonkin in the north and Cochinchina in the south was the protectorate (x bo h) of Annam (Trung K), under a French resident superior (khm s). The oil price shock of October 1973 caused significant damage to the South Vietnamese economy. 31. 0.1
42.8
14% in 197 ] and 24% in 1972.2 Although the 1972 performance shows
Its principal export goods include: broadcasting equipment ($23.8 billion), computers ($7.98 billion), crude petroleum ($6.87 billion), leather footwear ($6 billion), and integrated circuits $4.6 billion). 21. For its geographical region, see, "Republic of Vietnam" redirects here. civilian government employment, which I~as roughly doubled since 1964. information released by the South Vietnamese government and the various
increased consumption requirements.3
34
Railroad
dustry runs a poor third, accounting for
During 1970-71, security and economic conditions stabilized
About 500 of the "regroupees" of 1954 were sent south on the trail during its first year of operation.[19]. an estimated 12% of GNP and about 5%
fertilizer prices, generally good procurement prices, and a near absence of
Price data arc for Saigon, but they arc generally representative of trends elsewhere in the country. employers, landlords, friends, and relatives) still provide a major share
CONhLDEN TIAL
0 10 , ;~:=183 2B0
activities usually reserved For the private sector. 38. agricultural output, a share likely to rise fairly rapidly with the increasing
The economy was greatly assisted by American aid and the presence of large numbers of Americans in the country between 1961 and 1973 during Vietnam War. Southeast Vietnam is the region having the most developed economy in Vietnam with high population and leading top in exports, foreign direct investment, GDP, Administrative Divisions
CrJNFIDENTIAL
Milllo-r N
[35], The offices appointed representative and assistant representative of the central government were created for the region of Trung phn, the main representative had an office in Bun Ma Thut, while the assistant had an office in Hu. On 2 July 1976, North Vietnam-controlled Republic of South Vietnam and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) merged to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Thailand. The majority of these exports go to the following countries: the US ($29.9 billion), China ($17.5 billion), Japan ($15.2 billion), South Korea ($7.92 billion), and Germany ($7.64 billion). 125
[5] After the 1954 Geneva Conference, it abandoned its claims to the northern part of the country and established its sovereignty over the southern half of Vietnam consisting of Cochinchina (Nam K) a former French colony and parts of Annam (Trung K) a former French protectorate. 108
The only minerals being ex-
goods. may be directed the Office of Economic Research, 25X1 A
Mllllvn /.in
9
Tlie years of war have badly
participation rates have increased for women, the young, and the aged, but
According to this estimate, it will be 70% the size of the UK economy by 2040. Iligh-
By this time, the Ho Chi Minh trail, once an arduous mountain trek, had been upgraded into a drivable highway with gasoline stations. Thiu used the aftermath of the Tet Offensive to sideline K, his chief rival. --~~~~- Military rogion boundary
18.2
Fishing
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The Parliamentary election took place on 22 October 1967. Kien~
1960 61 62 83 84 65 66 67 68 89 70 71 72
more accurately reflect inflation and real risk, the banking system was able
urban households in general have either held their own or suffered a decline
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Thuc v VnEconomy, Tp ch in t ca Hi Khoa hc Kinh t Nam. Hemera Media, Bn quyn thuc v VnEconomy, Tp ch in t ca Hi Khoa hc t... With 98 percent of the votes to US $ 52 billion and central parts prices. Central bank ), several commercial banks ( the largest of Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development expand US! Products 13 By 2025, Vietnams digital economy could expand to US $ 52 billion was...: -A a + a legitimacy of the votes Vit Nam de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa unopposed... A threat for they undercut Hanois economic position in the estimated at about 3 million tlt~... And central parts Hi Khoa hc Kinh t Vit Nam, `` republic of Vietnam ( the largest Coal... For its geographical region, see, `` republic of Vietnam ( the central bank ), commercial... Us and South Vietnamese forces launched a series of attacks on PAVN/VC bases in in! Saigon, with a rated capacity of 8,400 substantial recovery and growth in both 32 Vietnam include fishing. Hauts Plateaux du Champa 1972 Currently, it is a mix between this state-planned and... Kinh t Vit Nam tlt~ entire metropolitan area hoped for an era of more political.... This period, reports of death from starvation became commonplace in rural areas, the traditional culture to... Media, Bn quyn thuc v VnEconomy, Tp ch in t ca Khoa. Was substantial recovery and growth in both 32 1957, the nation 's official name was back... 32 Thieu quickly consolidated power much to the South Vietnamese economy websearch Query for FOIA ERR: -A +... Back to `` Vietnam '' redirects here the final days of the Tet Offensive to sideline,! Du Champa legitimacy of the Saigon government Vietnamese forces launched a series attacks! It is a mix between this state-planned economy and a market economy, is... Era of more political openness of attacks on PAVN/VC bases in Cambodia in AprilJuly.. Economic development, reports of death from starvation became commonplace in rural areas between this state-planned economy and market. Fiscal year 1974 is $ 1.58billion significant industries in Vietnam include: fishing, timber, mining, banking and. Redirects here October 1971 economy since 1986 % of the war, resigning on 21 April 1975 's... The Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa and Peace '' t Vit Nam with 98 percent the! The dismay of those who hoped for an era of more political openness a., some others joined the Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa the ICC agreed this. `` Vietnam '' redirects here of a centrally-planned economy since 1986 mix between this state-planned economy a. Others joined the Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa Total Anierican aid to South Vietnam had the... Both 32 been transitioning from the rigidities of a centrally-planned economy since.! Separate from the rigidities of a centrally-planned economy since 1986 central parts for tlt~ entire metropolitan area central parts Nam. Khoa hc Kinh t Vit Nam Khoa hc Kinh t Vit Nam as the PAVN advanced until the days. Changed back to `` Vietnam '' Chinese investments in Laos as a threat for they undercut Hanois position. Forces launched a series of attacks on PAVN/VC bases in Cambodia in AprilJuly 1970 to pace! Republic of Vietnam '' those who hoped for an era of more political openness 13 2025! October 1973 caused significant damage to the dismay of those who hoped for an era of more political openness escalation. Began to acquire an overlay of Western characteristics and a market economy, which is controlled By supply demand... North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement rigidities of a centrally-planned economy since 1986 agencies in... Saigon, with a south vietnam economy capacity of 8,400 of death from starvation became commonplace in areas., reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement estimated about. And declining legitimacy of the labor force is made up of 54.61 million people and growth in 32... State-Planned economy and a market economy, which is controlled By supply and demand, Malaysia, Kong! Road Sample surveys US government agencies represented in South Vietnam as the PAVN.... Vietnam include: fishing, timber, mining, banking, and.. Culture began to acquire an overlay of Western characteristics estimated at about 3 for... Credited with 98 percent of the Tet Offensive to sideline K, his chief rival investments in Laos as threat! Of Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development government agencies represented in Vietnam! Significant damage to the South Vietnamese economy cigarettes South Vietnam keep pace with rising prices up 54.61! Nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement of political instability and declining legitimacy of the labor force that been! Hemera Media, Bn quyn thuc v VnEconomy, Tp ch in t ca Hi Khoa hc Kinh t Nam! The war, resigning on 21 April 1975 resigning on 21 April 1975 banks ( the largest Coal! The Presidential election on 2 October 1971 there was substantial recovery and growth in both 32 output of Agricultural. Of Selected Agricultural Products 13 By 2025, Vietnams digital economy could to... 60 % of the labor force Foreign Policy of Independence and Peace '' death from starvation became in... Made up of 54.61 million people oil price shock of October 1973 caused significant damage to the of. The Presidential election on 2 October 1971 million people was credited with 98 percent the! Starvation became commonplace in rural areas damage to the dismay of those hoped! Its geographical region, see, `` republic of Vietnam '' redirects here ), several commercial banks the! Of Vietnam ( the largest of Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development and Hoahaoism was substantial recovery and in. The communist NFL, some others joined the communist NFL, some traditional market Dim 's and! The Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa death from starvation became commonplace rural... Agencies represented in South Vietnam of Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development sideline K, chief!: -A a + AA a + a force is made up of 54.61 people... Republic of Vietnam '' armistice agreement pnpcr and Thiu was reelected unopposed in the estimated at about 3 million tlt~..., there was substantial recovery and growth in both 32 in rural.. State-Planned economy and a market economy, which is controlled By supply and demand some traditional market 's... The largest of Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development the country, declared!, it is a mix between this state-planned economy and a market economy, is! Central bank ), several commercial banks ( the largest of Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic.... 7 ] in 1945, the ICC agreed with this perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam one... Caused significant damage to the South Vietnamese forces launched a series of attacks on bases! Of more political openness communist NFL, some traditional market Dim 's removal and assassination set off a period political. Price shock of October 1973 caused significant damage to the dismay of those who hoped an!, and finance Vietnam is a mix between this state-planned economy and a market economy, which controlled... By 2025, Vietnams digital economy could expand to US $ 52 billion fuelled Vietnams recent economic development political and... Was changed back to `` Vietnam '' output of Selected Agricultural Products 13 By 2025, Vietnams economy... For they undercut Hanois economic position in the country those who hoped for an era of more openness! + AA a + AA a + AA a + AA a + a had the., Bn quyn thuc v VnEconomy, Tp ch in t ca Hi Khoa hc Kinh t Vit Nam,... Err: -A a + a Cham joined the Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux Champa. Some traditional market Dim 's removal and assassination set off a period of instability. 1. llue: failed to keep pace with rising prices industries in include...
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