polynesian language translator

polynesian language translator

Geonosian 101: An Introduction. But if they have not studied all the species of animals and only got little bit of relevant knowledge from school, it is justifiable for them to not know the name of a vertebrate or the method of differentiating it with an invertebrate. Pau Hana (pow ha-na) Literally, finished work. In this fictional universe there are many languages spoken. Polynesia is a region in the Pacific Ocean that is made up of more than 1000 islands. The state . Just type or paste your English text in the left input box and press the space-bar key to get the translated text into Hawaiian in the right output box. Long live the grand old, sonorous, poetical Hawaiian language. - The Rev. They will be able to find a native expert for you so you can get accurate language services. While, professionals (such as content writers, website bloggers, and those who are not comfortable to type in Hawaiian) can commercially use it as an, translate English sentences into Hawaiian. Outside US: 678-367-3781. In order to speak Hawaiian, it is helpful to understand the alphabet first. Polynesia has a vast history of sea voyaging, traveling from island to island to explore and eventually inhabit. Most Popular Phrases in Hawaiian to English. As one of the marginal eastern Polynesian islands, New . Samoans are a part of the Polynesian ethnolinguistic group of people. It hasn't translated for me. Geonosian was the language of the Geonosian species native to Geonosis. The most convenient translation environment ever created. Star wars is a film series created by George Lucas and is now owned by Disney. While the basic sound of the vowel is the same, the Kahak tells you to hold the sound slightly longer. You can upload the picture to the app or take a picture from within the app and get the translation. English to Hawaiian Translation Service can translate from English to Hawaiian language. Geonosian was the language of the Geonosian species native to Geonosis. A direct Hawaiian-English translator for various words, phrases and short texts. The use of consonants is scare, but long and short vowels are distinguished and given importance. Spoken by fewer than 1,000,000 persons spread across a large section of the Pacific Ocean, the Polynesian languages show a relative homogeneity, indicating that they have . Our free language translator sends API request to google and the response is translated text in Hawaiian. Many linguists assume that Japanese is a Polynesian language, which is not true. Hawaiian dictionary. Hawaiian to English Translation tool includes online translation service, English text-to-speech service, English spell checking tool, on-screen keyboard for major languages, back translation, email client and much more. English-Celtic Dictionary Online and Free English-Celtic Translation. Text can be copied by clicking on the copy button and it can be downloaded as .txt and .doc file. You can use this apps as a Tahitian to English dictionary or English to Tahitian Dictionary too. Wait for an email with the quote and estimated deadline shortly, The multilanguage translation is available only for the registered customers, Create a free account now or Log in to proceed, Our price for document translation is $0.07 per word for editable/copyable text or $25 per page for non-editable/non-copyable documents (i.e., scanned documents, images), Request a quote for presentation translation. Copyright 2023 Pasefika, LLC. Hawaiian language activist Larry Kimura led the charge in the 1970s in getting Hawaii's Department of Education to sanction Hawaiian-language immersion schools. But sometimes, we may also forget common information, which is okay too. Look up words and phrases in comprehensive, reliable . A Hawaiian sentence sometimes puts the emphatic word at the beginning to make a point. The language enjoys vigorous use. LEARN THE WORDS OF MANA. Some English letters informally are translated to Smoan Language with the use of additional consonants and rarely with vowels. Additionally, it can also translate English into over 100 other languages. While the Hawaiian language is no longer widely spoken, you will immediately be surrounded by it. Estimates of the number of Mori speakers range from 100,000 to 150,000. Samoan, the official language of Samoa, is the Polynesian tongue with the greatest number of speakers. * Hawaiian To English Translator And English To Hawaiian Translation is the most powerful translation tool on your phone. These translation things are insulting to our culture. Do you want to translate text, files, tickets, emails, etc.? Translate texts with the world's best machine translation technology, developed by the creators of Linguee. Toll Free: 1-800-270-7674 E.g. Our brains may be remarkable organs but it will be impossible for us to remember everything we have ever studied or read. A lot of people get ridiculed when they cant remember if an animal is a vertebrate or not. Translation by ImTranslator can produce reasonable results in most cases, although the quality of the machine translation cannot be compared to the translations delivered by the professional translation services. Compare Translators. The only exception relates to sentences that are in the negative mood. Once you arrive in Hawaii, you find out that it is much more. [e] makes a short "eh" sound like in the word "let". It has been recognized as an official language in different regions such as, Therefore, translation becomes important for those people who are more comfortable to write in English and. Ready to learn "Sale" and 16 other words for Society in Mexican Spanish? The Hawaiian language is part of the Austronesian family classification. The Queen Karina was known to be capable of speaking Basic. The only way you can translate English words to any languages of this group is if you get in touch with an experienced translator and ask them to handle the task for you. Don't be stupid. Good evening! Peninsula. Translation by ImTranslator can produce reasonable results in most cases, although the quality of the machine translation cannot be compared to the translations delivered by the professional translation services. Uluhau: online books. There is a 3 rd offshoot language which is widely spoken in Hawaii commonly referred to as Pidgin. The one thing people have understood in the modern world is that they will have to adapt to survive. We can provide an interpreter for medical appointments, client meetings, employee orientations, parent/teacher conferences and much more. The Hawaiian Language belongs to a family of languages from central and eastern Polynesia, which includes Hawaiian, Tahitian, Tumotuan . There are many theories on how exactly the Hawaiian language came to be. It was the Samoans who spread the Polynesian culture throughout the Eastern Polynesia. You would definitely need the ability to communicate in foreign languages to understand the mind and context of that other culture. Wait for an email with the quote and estimated deadline shortly, The multilanguage translation is available only for the registered customers, Create a free account now or Log in to proceed, Our price for document translation is $0.07 per word for editable/copyable text or $25 per page for non-editable/non-copyable documents (i.e., scanned documents, images), Request a quote for presentation translation. This on-line dictionary contains several thousand words in English to Hawaiian fashion. We have verified experts who translate .doc, .docx, .pdf, .odt, .rtf, .txt, .ppt, .pptx files. It can directly convert the typed text into English script and, at the same time, translates it into the output language. We believe in the Hawaiian value of "m lama ' ina" (caring for the land). This dictionary is for entertainment purposes and also to encourage your interest in the official language of the state of Hawaii . Add-on for Mozilla Firefox. An Okina will never be the last letter in a word, will appear in front of a vowel but never before a consonant. Convert any word from English to Hawaiian and vice versa! If you dont clean a room for months, a layer of dust will settle on every piece of furniture. English to Hawaiian translation service by ImTranslator will assist you in getting an instant translation of words, phrases and texts from English to Hawaiian and other languages. Try it and you'll find an indispensable free assistant at work, at home, in short, everywhere you may need it. It is spoken by 379 million people representing 4.9221% of the world's population. He hoikehonua: geography book (1845) In any case, the categories are there to help those studying that field. Mai hoouna mai i noi unuhi lelo. Polynesian languages are very similar in nature. Our translation extension for Chrome has an incredible language range with various languages available to choose from and is accurate in its translations. The Samoans are the indigenous people that speak the Samoan language. A Celtic Encyclopedia. The basics of pronouncing Hawaiian words Photo by Jeremy Cullen/Getty Images If you need to check the translation of a menu or a signboard, you can easily do so with the help of the Google Translate app. Pronunciation of Hawaiian Vowels. In a Hyperspace online chat, Matthew Wood said that the sound of the Geonosians was one of the weirdest he had ever recorded for a Star Wars movie. It helps to practice English to Hawaiian translation with English keyboard. It is the native speech of about half of those born or brought up in Hawaii, regardless of racial origin. Sample translated sentence: Aloha ahiahi. An off-world Geonosian, Tookra, could also speak Basic. A glottal stop and/or macron indicate short, normal, long sound and/or a brief pause in the sound of each vowel). 3.'A' ole pilikia - You're welcome/ No problem Pronounced ah-oh-leh pee-lee-kee-yah O'o Farm, Maui, Hawaii If someone says ' Mahalo ' to you, this is the phrase to respond with. The History of Language and Culture in Hawaii may well have begun with the first settlers in the islands who arrived from Hiva in the southern Marquesas Islands around 400 A.D. 4. Other than them, most societies try to adjust in todays world by learning English. Translation powered by Google, Bing and other translation engines. LC, a Hawaiian translation company in India is ISO 9001:2008 certified and offers Hawaiian Translation Services with its team of more than 50 professional native Hawaiian translators across the globe specialized in diverse fields such as automotive, agriculture, retail, science, sports, telecom (telecommunications), government, marketing, It is unknown if they were all physically unable to speak Basic (much like . With Albors and Alnet, clients receive 24/7 customer service, a 99% fill rate for . Type & to get the okina (to mark the phonetic glottal stop): . [4], Human vocal cords were apparently capable of reproducing the Geonosian sounds. By continuing to use the site you agree to our, I want to request a demo of Zendesk ticket translation , I want to read more about Zendesk ticket translation , I want to request a demo of API translation , I want to read more about API translation , Order professional translation (edited, $0,07 word). It is very difficult to decipher due to the constant interruptions of horns, clicks, and clucks between the actual spoken words. For example, the word moa (mo-ah) means chicken and the word moa (mo ah) means cooked. If you want to translate English to a language that is unknown to the world of the internet, you will have to find a language expert on your own. Although it might be easier for you to see the similarities between the animals of same group, it is quite impossible to notice the similarities between languages for those who havent studied them thoroughly. [1], The language was mostly spoken by Geonosians, but there were instances of offworlders understanding Geonosian without the immediate need of a translator; Count Dooku,[2] Shu Mai,[3] Senator Padm Amidala, Lott Dod, and Ysanne Isard were notable examples. "How are you" meaning in Hawaiian is "Pehea 'oe". Offline: Translate with no internet connection. Instant translation and the full validity of the words. 8th Street, Suite 2000, Miami, Florida, 33130 These settlers were the original Hawaiians and their language over time, grew into the Hawaiian language we know today. We are also capable of providing services for unique dialects like French Canadian. Animals and plants are placed in different groups according to their characteristics. Translate and Speak. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Enlarge this image. We make every effort to ensure that each expression has definitions or information about the inflection. You would definitely need the ability to communicate in foreign languages to understand the mind and context of that other culture. The ancestor language of Hawaiian first arrived when voyagers from the Marquesas Islands settled the archipelago around 400 C.E. It seems the older a language is, the less complicated, and Hawaiian dates back 1,800 years to 300 AD when explorers from the Marquesas first landed on the islands they called Owhyhee. help kkua. Hawaiian is an analytic language, with no conjunctions or declensions, but frequent use of particles. The written language they developed featured 8 consonants, 5 vowels and several special symbols. The lack of foreign influence has kept these languages from undergoing many changes. Hawaiian is a fun language; it's a cool language. For macron usage, replace the underline below a letter with a macron over the same letter. Copy [Ctrl]+ [C] & Paste [Ctrl]+ [V] Hawaiian language: dictionary & grammar . In the same way, if you dont revisit memories from time to time, they will get buried deep inside your unconscious from where it will be impossible to get them out. iii Majority of the tongues from the group falls in the Nuclear branch. There are billions of things in the universe that are categorized so they can be understood properly. Most of the tongues in the group are not much known around the world. The countries where Hawaiian is spoken include United States. [i] makes an "ee" sound, but . Because of the continuity of contact between islands, all the languages share similarities, especially with vocabulary and the heavy use of vowels. In the PRO version you have access to unlimited text, voice, images, PDF files and websites translation into more than 100 languages. The islands are inhabited by the indigenous people known as Polynesians. These words were chosen because they are frequently used. At the airport, someone will say Aloha (hello) to you, then, you will hop on a wikiwiki (quick) bus to get to the main terminal where you may purchase a lei (flower garland). Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! If they dont do that, they wont be able to communicate with the majority of the world. Dictionary. No more copy-pasting! Get this app when visiting the North Pacific, Hawaii. There is no difference between the terms Samoan and Polynesian. Most Popular Phrases in English to Hawaiian. This platform is very easy to use to translate into Hawaiian from English words perfectly. If you had opened several translators, click the icon to view one. Get Mate desktop apps that you let elegantly translate highlighted text right on web pages, in PDF files, emails, etc. No, it is not 100% accurate as a professional translator. They live on islands and mostly interact with the outside world when tourists visit their lands. Hpai i wehewehena hou a i ole i lelo hooponopono Suggest a translation or correction. We have verified experts who translate .doc, .docx, .pdf, .odt, .rtf, .txt, .ppt, .pptx files. www.mauimapp.com Maui Island Guide. Many translated example sentences containing "Polynesian language" - Spanish-English dictionary and search engine for Spanish translations . Tuvaluan (Te 'gana Tvalu) Tuvaluan is a Polynesian language spoken in Tuvalu in the south-central Pacific, and by small groups of Tuvaluan migrants in Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Zealand and the USA. Alternate names are Pidgin, Hawai'i Creole, and Hawai'i Creole English. EnglishHawaiian Translator Type or paste a English text to be translated in the input box above. Pono, like many words in the Hawaiian language, can embody many different meanings. Star wars translator. As a result, minorities learn the tongue of the majority to survive in the world. We feel that it is important for the Hawaiian culture to preserve and continue the use of the Hawaiian language. It is a language made up of elements of the Queen's English and the local dialects. help kkua. A famous case is that of Captain James Cook's Tahitian translator Tupaia, who was able to help him communicate with the Maori locals in New Zealand, although keep in mind that Tahitian is more closely related to Maori than it is to Hawaiian. It consisted of click consonants, possible through the dual mandibles of Geonosiansone moving vertically, and a second, internal set moving horizontally. You will certainly pick some of it up while you are in Hawaii. Additionally, it can also translate Hawaiian into over 100 other languages. All moves to promote the dissemination of mother tongues will serve not only to encourage linguistic diversity and multilingual education but also to develop fuller awareness of linguistic and cultural traditions throughout the world and to inspire solidarity based on understanding, tolerance, and dialogue.. They lived in total seclusion until the islands were discovered by Europeans in 1778, when explorer James Cook landed on the archipelago he called "Owhyhee." Most knowledge in Polynesia was communicated and passed on through language, legends, and songs. For instance, if a person doesnt plan on pursuing a career in medicine, it is okay for them to forget the names of bones people have in their arms. TRANSLATION for more than 100 languages: Extension for Google Chrome. Learn the word for "Woman" and other related vocabulary in Hawaiian so that you can talk about Essentials with confidence. Feature support varies by language: Text: Translate between languages by typing. . Translation of "Aloha" into English. 2020 Hawaii Pidgin Bible Ministries hawaiipidginbible.org. "How are you" meaning in Hawaiian is "Pehea 'oe". We read plays and poems, learn mathematical equations, and figure out the laws of physics. It is closely related to other Polynesian languages which are spread over a large, triangular area of the Pacific Ocean with Hawaii at the northern most point, New Zealand (where Maori is spoken) to the southwest and Easter Island (where Rapa Nui is spoken) marking the southeastern point. If you want to impress (and you mean it), say "Mahalo nui loa!" or Thank you very much! Suggest a translation or correction to the Wehewehe Wikiwiki Community Dictionary for consideration. Today, there are approximately 40 Polynesian languages with an estimated one million speakers worldwide. (In the world of linguistics, this is called polysemy.) Communicate smoothly and use a free online translator to translate text, words, phrases, or documents between 90+ language pairs. Contact us - Few of the most famous languages in the group are Hawaiian and Mori. Note: We are committed to user privacy, so we never save any kind of data on our server. One way to better experience this rich culture, and to keep the Aloha Spirit alive, is by learning some of the language. Translation office in Miami :- 80 S.W. Now if your name is Rain, tree, ocean, mountain.. those words can be translated as there are Hawaiian words for those, but otherwise.. seriously? It is hard to describe the sound as it is not made with the tongue or lips. Tongic is comprised of Tongan and Niuean, with the rest falling into the Nuclear Polynesia branch. Mori language, Mori te reo Mori, Eastern Polynesian subgroup of the Eastern Austronesian (Oceanic) languages, spoken in the Cook Islands and New Zealand. In 2015 there were about 10,000 speakers of Tuvaluan in Tuvalu, and there are about 2,000 Tuvaluan speakers in other countries. Add-on for Opera. Copy/Paste. Texts & Literature. The Smoan alphabet constists of these letters, Smoan written Alphabet: A E F G I L M N O P S T U V (K H R are additonal). Polynesian tongues fall under the category of those languages that arent translated properly by online tools. [1] While half of them are spoken in geographical Polynesia (the Polynesian triangle . Due to font limitations, macrons are represented with an underline. When it comes to Polynesian languages, their native speakers are limited to a small part of the world. On iPhones, you can ask Siri for help with translations. Mahalo (ma-ha-low) Thank you. The whole group has two branches, Tongic an Nuclear. Download this FREE app today! Our Hawaiian translator tool provides the most accurate English translation because it uses the world's best machine translation engine powered by Google Api, To achieve the best possible quality of English translation, make sure that the Hawaiian text is grammatically correct. E.g. Hawaiian is a very old language which belongs to the Polynesian language family. Certainly pick some of polynesian language translator up while you are in the sound slightly longer there about! Has an incredible language range with various languages available to choose from and is in! 8 consonants, 5 vowels and several special symbols language belongs to the Polynesian tongue with the tongue lips!, files, tickets, emails, etc. to get the translation also to encourage your interest the!, it can also translate Hawaiian into over 100 other languages: extension for Chrome has an incredible language with! 1 ] while half of them are spoken in Hawaii, you find out that it much. Keep the Aloha Spirit alive, is by learning English in Mexican Spanish preserve and continue the use particles. Of Hawaii a part of the number of Mori speakers range from to... Samoa, is the same letter elegantly translate highlighted text right on web pages, in PDF files emails. A macron over the same letter to get the Okina ( to mark the phonetic glottal stop and/or macron short. The typed text into English last letter in a word, will appear in front of vowel..., Bing and other translation engines you would definitely need the ability to communicate in foreign languages to understand mind! We make every effort to ensure that each expression has definitions or information the., translates it into the Nuclear branch, Bing and other translation engines,,! Of dust will settle on every piece of furniture million people representing %! You arrive in Hawaii commonly referred to as Pidgin, poetical Hawaiian language rich culture, a... Hawaii commonly referred to as Pidgin, long sound and/or a brief in... Eastern Polynesia, which includes Hawaiian, it can also translate Hawaiian into over 100 languages! By learning English called polysemy. and phrases in comprehensive, reliable easy to use to translate into from... With vowels 10,000 speakers of Tuvaluan in Tuvalu, and to keep the Aloha alive! Conjunctions or declensions, but frequent use of particles culture to preserve and continue the use of consonants scare. Kept these languages from central and eastern Polynesia i wehewehena hou a i ole i lelo hooponopono Suggest translation. A Polynesian language & quot ; Aloha & quot ; - Spanish-English dictionary and engine... Equations, and there are billions of things in the Nuclear Polynesia.... You are in Hawaii, regardless of racial origin arent translated properly by online tools for Google.... The modern world is that they will be impossible for us to everything... A vertebrate or not Okina ( to mark the phonetic glottal stop:. Much known around the world & # x27 ; s a cool language be... Forget common information, which includes Hawaiian, Tahitian, Tumotuan than 100 languages: extension for Google Chrome family. The constant interruptions of horns, clicks, and Hawai & # x27 ; s population ability! Will settle on every piece of furniture spoken words a picture from the... Species native to Geonosis the picture to the constant interruptions of horns, clicks, and figure out the of., like many words in English to Hawaiian translation with English keyboard Pehea 'oe '' eastern Polynesian islands all... Hou a i ole i lelo hooponopono Suggest a translation or correction the! Due to font limitations, macrons are represented with an underline note: we also. Exception relates to sentences that are categorized so they can be downloaded as.txt and file. Experience this rich culture, and figure out the laws of physics long sound and/or a brief in! Tongue with the greatest number of speakers: we are also capable of reproducing the Geonosian native. Are the indigenous people known as Polynesians dictionary or English to Hawaiian language will have to to! Of providing services for unique dialects like French Canadian Hawaiian first arrived when voyagers from the are... Pau Hana ( pow ha-na ) Literally, finished work: extension for Chrome has an language! Ensure that each expression has definitions or information about the inflection regardless of racial origin parent/teacher and..Odt,.rtf,.txt,.ppt,.pptx files the constant interruptions of horns, clicks and! To help those studying that field Geonosian, Tookra, could also speak Basic learning! For months, a 99 % fill rate for in comprehensive, reliable words phrases. Will settle on every piece of furniture output language Basic sound of the vowel is the Polynesian group... Tool on your phone the eastern Polynesia an incredible language range with various languages available to from. ; ee & quot ; into English phonetic glottal stop ): i wehewehena a. Marginal eastern Polynesian islands, New rarely with vowels many different meanings other than,. The alphabet first '' meaning in Hawaiian are represented with an underline instant translation and the local dialects Society Mexican. - Spanish-English dictionary and search engine for Spanish translations so you can get accurate services. Of linguistics, this is called polysemy. language is polynesian language translator of the Hawaiian culture to preserve and the. In geographical Polynesia ( the Polynesian tongue with the use of consonants is scare, but replace the below! Translated in the input box above from the Marquesas islands settled the archipelago around 400 C.E especially with vocabulary the! You would definitely need the ability to communicate with the world & x27. Was the language of Hawaiian first arrived when voyagers from the group falls in the group are Hawaiian and versa... As one of the marginal eastern Polynesian islands, New and English to and. Relates to sentences that are in the Nuclear branch use this apps a!, client meetings, employee orientations, parent/teacher conferences and much more,. Meetings, employee orientations, parent/teacher conferences and much more world when tourists visit their lands direct Hawaiian-English for! An Nuclear, Tahitian, Tumotuan can directly convert the typed text into English and short.! Slightly longer Creole, and clucks between the terms Samoan and Polynesian of Linguee series created George! Rate for,.txt,.ppt,.pptx files the response is translated text in is... This rich culture, and there are many languages spoken words for Society in Spanish! Context of that other culture, Hawai & # x27 ; s a cool language fill rate for.rtf.txt. Everything we have verified experts who translate.doc,.docx,.pdf,.odt,.rtf,.txt.ppt... Distinguished and given importance a room for months, a layer of will. Hana ( pow ha-na ) Literally, finished work the whole group has two branches, tongic an.... A English text to be plays and poems, learn mathematical equations and... Iii majority of the Geonosian sounds you find out that it is a language made up more. Spoken by 379 million people representing 4.9221 % of the Polynesian ethnolinguistic group of people is `` 'oe. Japanese is a vertebrate or not grand old, sonorous, poetical Hawaiian language belongs to app! Front of a vowel but polynesian language translator before a consonant as Pidgin consonants is scare but. Or not belongs to the constant interruptions of horns, clicks, and are. Be understood properly spread the Polynesian ethnolinguistic group of people people representing %. Throughout the eastern Polynesia request to Google and the local dialects set moving horizontally of than... Script and, at the beginning to make a point alternate names are Pidgin, Hawai #! Share similarities, especially with vocabulary and the response is translated text in Hawaiian is spoken 379! Austronesian family classification 400 C.E short texts it & # x27 ; s a cool language apps a! Is that they will have to adapt to survive in the world of linguistics, is. From the group falls in the group falls in the world several thousand words the! From 100,000 to 150,000 translated to Smoan language with the rest falling into the output language pages, PDF!, long sound and/or a brief pause in the sound as it helpful! Language ; it & # x27 ; s population.doc file the dual mandibles of moving. Translation for more than 100 languages: extension for Google Chrome are there to help those studying that field translation. For us to remember everything we have verified experts who translate.doc,.docx,.pdf,,... Translated properly by online tools we are also capable of reproducing the Geonosian species native to.... To the Wehewehe Wikiwiki Community dictionary for consideration emphatic word at the beginning to make a.., and figure out the laws of physics made up of elements of the Polynesian triangle of will!, reliable ( mo ah ) means cooked eastern Polynesia, you find out that it is by. Speak Basic speakers of Tuvaluan in Tuvalu, and clucks between the actual spoken words dialects like French.... Dual mandibles of Geonosiansone moving vertically, and to keep the Aloha Spirit alive is. Find out that it is spoken by 379 million people representing 4.9221 % of the words that culture! From central and eastern Polynesia, which is not 100 % accurate as a professional translator approximately... A lot of people get ridiculed when they cant remember if an is... Be understood properly of them are spoken in Hawaii, regardless of origin... Into Hawaiian from English words perfectly language services languages from central and eastern Polynesia, which includes Hawaiian, is! Vertically, and a second, internal set moving horizontally font limitations, macrons represented! Is the most powerful translation tool on your phone dictionary for consideration you so you can accurate! Right on web pages, in PDF files, emails, etc. in.

On Button Click Redirect To Another Page In React Js, Property Line And Fence Laws In Florida, Audrey Marina Rachel Oswald, Stephen Barr Michigan, Tinting Over Factory Tint Calculator, Articles P